APPELLATE COURT OPINIONS

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State of Tennessee v. Mario C. Estrada

M2002-00585-CCA-R3-CD

The Appellant, Mario C. Estrada, appeals the sentencing decision of the Maury County Circuit Court imposing a sentence of twelve years incarceration in the Department of Correction. The sentence arose from guilty pleas by Estrada to one count of arson, eight counts of aggravated assault, and one count of possession of a prohibited weapon. The indictment returned against Estrada charged him with one count of aggravated arson, eight counts of attempted first degree murder, and one count of possession of a prohibited weapon. In this appeal, Estrada raises the issue of whether the trial court erred by ordering that his sentence be served in total confinement. After review, we find that plain error dictates that the convictions be vacated and the case remanded for further proceedings because aggravated assault is not a lesser included offense of attempted first degree murder.

Authoring Judge: Judge David G. Hayes
Originating Judge:Judge Robert L. Jones
Maury County Court of Criminal Appeals 03/14/03
Elizabeth Ann Croley v. Levi Strauss & Co.

M2001-01481-WC-R3-CV
This workers' compensation appeal has been referred to the Special Workers' Compensation Appeals Panel of the Supreme Court in accordance with Tennessee Code Annotated _ 5-6- 225(e)(3) for hearing and reporting to the Supreme Court of findings of fact and conclusions of law. In this case, the employee slipped and fell on a wet floor as she was entering the workplace. The chancellor, who had presided over the trial in this matter, left office before rendering a decision. The employee contends that the chancellor did not have jurisdiction to decide the case because the 6 day time period provided under Tennessee Code Annotated _ 17-1-34(b) for judges who have vacated office to conclude pending cases had expired prior to the entry of an order by the Chief Justice of the Tennessee Supreme Court ordering the former chancellor to conclude the case. The employee also contends that the trial court erred: 1) in finding that the plaintiff failed to prove that her work-related accident caused a permanent right shoulder injury; and 2) by designating a faxed copy of an order as the original. We hold that the evidence does not preponderate against the trial court's finding as to causation. We also find that the trial court did have proper jurisdiction in this case and did not err in designating a faxed copy of an order as the original when the original order was lost. Accordingly, the panel has concluded that the judgment of the trial court should be affirmed. Tenn. Code Ann. _ 5-6-225(e)(1999) Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Chancery Court Affirmed. JAMES L. WEATHERFORD, SR.J., in which JANICE M. HOLDER, J. and JOE C. LOSER, JR., SP.J., joined. Wm. Landis Turner, Hohenwald, Tennessee, for the appellant, Elizabeth Ann Croley. Patrick Alan Ruth, Nashville, Tennessee, for the appellee, Levi Strauss & Co. MEMORANDUM OPINION Mrs. Elizabeth Ann Croley was 62 years old at the time of trial. She completed the 8th grade in school and had no vocational training. She is married with grown children and has legal custody of a grandchild. She had not worked outside the home for 8 or 9 years prior to starting work for Levi Strauss on March 22, 1993, where she operated a machine that placed rivets on blue jeans. On September 9, 1993, Mrs. Croley slipped and fell on a wet floor as she was entering the Levi Strauss plant. According to Mrs. Croley, she reported to the nurses' station where she told the plant nurse her shoulder, elbow, and neck were hurting. She signed an Employee Report of Injury form indicating primary injuries to her right elbow and hip with secondary injuries to her back and neck. She did not indicate an injury to the shoulder on the form. She chose Dr. Jeffrey T. Adams, orthopedist, from a panel of three physicians offered by Levi Strauss. Later that same day, Dr. Adams examined her and found neck pain and tenderness in her lower back. She had a normal neurologic exam of her upper and lower extremities. When asked whether there was any concern about Mrs. Croley's shoulder in the course of his examination, Dr. Adams responded: "No, she had full motion of her shoulders at that time. She really _ her main complaint was in her neck and in her lower back, [those were] her two areas of peak complaints." Dr. Adams prescribed muscle relaxers, physical therapy and placed her on work restrictions. Mrs. Croley continued working for Levi Strauss until November 7, 1993, when she took sick leave for unrelated medical problems. On April 28, 1994, Levi Strauss terminated her employment when she did not return to work after being released to return to work by her gynecologist. Dr. Adams treated Mrs. Croley until September 8, 1994. During that time she underwent a Functional Capacity Evaluation which indicated symptom magnification, MRIs, an EMG conduction study and a psychological evaluation. According to Dr. Adams, she initially started getting better and then "her symptoms suddenly changed gear and got progressively worse and markedly magnified." He concluded based on these tests that there was a psychological component that carried her symptoms to this point. Dr. Adams stated that the only reference to shoulder pain during his treatment of Mrs. Croley did not involve the shoulder joint, but referred to the back of the neck and shoulder blade. In Dr. Adams' opinion, Mrs. Croley did not sustain a rotator cuff tear or other significant shoulder trauma from the September 9, 1993 fall: No. She had no signs of a rotator cuff tear. I saw her hours after her injury, and she could pick her arm up all the way over her head (indicating). With a complete rotator cuff tear, you are extremely -2-
Authoring Judge: James L. Weatherford, Sr.J.
Originating Judge:Jeffrey S. Bivins, Chancellor
Hickman County Workers Compensation Panel 03/14/03
Michael Lynn Walton v. State of Tennessee

M2002-00586-CCA-R3-PC
Petitioner, Michael Lynn Walton, appeals the trial court's denial of relief under his post-conviction petition. Petitioner alleged he received ineffective assistance of counsel at trial based on counsel’s failure (1) to adequately advise Petitioner of the consequences of proceeding to trial; (2) to adequately cross-examine the victim; (3) to require the State to elect which offenses it was relying upon to support Petitioner’s convictions; and (4) to appeal the State’s failure to make an election.  Based upon a thorough review of the record, we affirm the judgment of the post-conviction court denying Petitioner’s claim for relief based on counsel’s failure to adequately advise Petitioner about the potential consequences resulting from two rape convictions and failure to specifically address the victim’s inconsistent statements at the second trial. However, we disagree with the post-conviction court’s finding that counsel’s failure to require an election of offenses was not deficient conduct and that Petitioner was not prejudiced by such conduct. Accordingly, the judgment is reversed, Petitioner is granted post-conviction relief, and the case is remanded to the trial court for retrial on the two counts of rape.
Authoring Judge: Judge Thomas T. Woodall
Originating Judge:Judge Seth W. Norman
Davidson County Court of Criminal Appeals 03/14/03
Regionol L. Waters v. State of Tennessee

M2002-01712-CCA-R3-CO

The petitioner, Reginol L. Walters, was convicted of aggravated robbery, aggravated burglary, and two counts of aggravated rape and, while his direct appeal was pending, filed a petition pursuant to Tennessee Code Annotated section 40-30-403 requesting forensic analysis of DNA evidence. The post-conviction court dismissed the petition, as well as a petition to reconsider, concluding that the petitioner could not proceed with his petition while his direct appeal was pending. Following our review, we conclude that the applicable statute does not prohibit the petitioner from proceeding simultaneously with a direct appeal and a petition for analysis of DNA evidence. Accordingly, we reverse the order of the post-conviction court and remand for consideration of the petition.

Authoring Judge: Judge Alan E. Glenn
Originating Judge:Judge Steve R. Dozier
Davidson County Court of Criminal Appeals 03/14/03
Carolyn Mitchell Brown vs. John Hilyee Watson, Jr.

E2004-01229-COA-R3-CV
The Trial Court annulled Brown's marriage at the insistence of her conservator. On appeal, we affirm.
Authoring Judge: Presiding Judge Herschel P. Franks
Originating Judge:Daryl R. Fansler
Knox County Court of Appeals 03/14/03
Michael Anthony Scruggs v. State of Tennessee

M2002-00875-CCA-R3-PC

The petitioner, Michael Anthony Scruggs, pled guilty to forgery and theft under $500. The trial court ordered concurrent sentences of six years for the forgery and eleven months, twenty-nine days, for the theft. No appeal was taken. Later, the petitioner filed a petition for post-conviction relief alleging ineffective assistance of counsel. After a hearing, the post-conviction court denied relief, finding that the petitioner had failed to prove that his appointed counsel fell below the required level of competency. The judgment of the post-conviction court is affirmed.

Authoring Judge: Presiding Judge Gary R Wade
Originating Judge:Judge Timothy L. Easter
Williamson County Court of Criminal Appeals 03/14/03
State of Tennessee v. Dwayne Nelvis Slocum

W2002-01980-CCA-R3-CD

The defendant appeals his effective ten-year community corrections sentence with a requirement of 160 days of jail time after pleading guilty to violating a habitual motor vehicle offender order, driving under the influence - 4th offense, and resisting arrest. The defendant filed no transcripts of the guilty plea submission hearing or sentencing hearing. These hearings are essential for appellate review. Therefore, we must presume that the trial court is correct. We affirm the judgments of the trial court.

Authoring Judge: Judge John Everett Williams
Originating Judge:Judge Jon Kerry Blackwood
Fayette County Court of Criminal Appeals 03/14/03
Carlos Castillion vs. Sarah Castillion

E2002-01310-COA-R3-CV
In this divorce case, the husband questions on appeal the valuation of marital property and distribution made by the Trial Court. We affirm the Trial Court.
Authoring Judge: Presiding Judge Herschel P. Franks
Originating Judge:Samuel H. Payne
Hamilton County Court of Appeals 03/13/03
Dennis J. Hughes v. State of Tennessee

M2001-02454-CCA-R3-PC

Dennis J. Hughes appeals the Davidson County Criminal Court's denial of his petition for post-conviction relief. He claims on appeal that the lower court erred in (1) denying his claim that his constitutional rights were abridged by the state's failure to disclose evidence against him prior to trial as part of the bill of particulars, and (2) ruling that he could not impeach the prosecutor from the conviction proceedings with the prosecutor's own alleged prior bad acts. Because we are unpersuaded of reversible error, we affirm the post-conviction court's denial of relief.

Authoring Judge: Judge J. Curwood Witt, Jr.
Originating Judge:Judge Walter C. Kurtz
Davidson County Court of Criminal Appeals 03/13/03
Charles Head v. James Gibson

M1999-00656-COA-R3-CV
This is an appeal from a judgment granting a motion for summary judgment in favor of State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Co. that the uninsured motorist coverage offered to the plaintiffs was not implicated under the circumstances of this litigation. We affirm.
Authoring Judge: Judge Ben H. Cantrell
Originating Judge:Walter C. Kurtz
Davidson County Court of Appeals 03/13/03
State of Tennessee v. James Mario Starnes

M2002-01450-CCA-R3-CD

The Appellant, James Mario Starnes, was indicted by the Bedford County Grand Jury for first degree murder and especially aggravated robbery. Starnes pled guilty to attempted second degree murder and especially aggravated robbery. Following a sentencing hearing, Starnes received concurrent sentences of ten years, nine months for attempted second degree murder and twenty-five years for especially aggravated robbery. Starnes now appeals his especially aggravated robbery conviction, contending that the evidence is insufficient to establish his guilt for that offense. Because the error complained of was waived as a matter of law by Starnes’ plea of guilty, this issue is not reviewable upon direct appeal. Accordingly, this appeal is dismissed. 

Authoring Judge: Judge David G. Hayes
Originating Judge:Judge W. Charles Lee
Bedford County Court of Criminal Appeals 03/13/03
State of Tennessee v. Melissa Ann Brewer

M2002-01982-CCA-R3-CD

The defendant appeals her sentence of three years imprisonment for the sale of less than .5 grams of cocaine, a Class C felony. The defendant argues she is a favorable candidate for alternative sentencing. The record supports the defendant's assertion that she is entitled to an alternative sentence. The defendant is sentenced to three years in split confinement, with thirty (30) days incarceration and the remainder on supervised probation. We remand this judgment to determine if the defendant continues to hold full-time employment. If the defendant is employed full-time, she is to serve her thirty (30) days in periodic confinement.

Authoring Judge: Judge John Everett Williams
Originating Judge:Judge John W. Rollins
Coffee County Court of Criminal Appeals 03/13/03
Charlotte McCall v. National Health

M2001-03166-SC-R9-CV
We granted interlocutory appeal in this workers' compensation case, and in the companion case of Shelton v. ADS Environmental Services, pursuant to Rule 9 of the Tennessee Rules of Appellate Procedure. These cases present the following issues: whether the trial court has the authority to initiate temporary benefits pre-trial and, assuming the trial court has this authority, whether it must hold a full evidentiary hearing prior to initiating temporary benefits. After careful examination of the workers' compensation statutes and the applicable case law, we hold that the trial court has the power to initiate temporary workers' compensation benefits prior to trial and that it may do so without first holding a full evidentiary hearing.
Authoring Judge: Justice Adolpho A. Birch, Jr.
Originating Judge:Robert E. Corlew, III
Rutherford County Supreme Court 03/13/03
Thomas J. McKee v. State of Tennessee

E2002-00071-CCA-R3-PC

The petitioner, Thomas J. McKee, appeals the Knox County Criminal Court's denial of his petition for post-conviction relief from his conviction for first degree premeditated murder and resulting life sentence. He contends that he received the ineffective assistance of counsel because his trial attorney failed (1) to request a mental evaluation for him; (2) to make a contemporaneous objection to the state's improper closing argument; and (3) to object to the inclusion of the phrase "moral certainty" in the jury's instruction on reasonable doubt. We affirm the trial court's denial of the petition.

Authoring Judge: Judge Joseph M. Tipton
Originating Judge:Judge Richard R. Baumgartner
Knox County Court of Criminal Appeals 03/13/03
Bellsouth Advertising and Publishing v. Commissioner of Revenue

M2000-03091-SC-R11-CV
In this use tax case, we address the issue of whether or not the plaintiff should receive a credit under Tennessee law for sales tax it paid to the State of Alabama on the purchase of photocompositions used in printing telephone directories that were later distributed in Tennessee. Under Tennessee Code Annotated section 67-6-203(a) (1998), a use tax is levied at the rate of six percent (6%) of the cost price of each item or article of tangible personal property when the same is not sold but is used, consumed, distributed, or stored for use or consumption in this state; provided, that there shall be no duplication of the tax. (Emphasis added). To avoid duplication of the tax, Tennessee Code Annotated section 67-6-507(a) (1998) provides a credit for like taxes paid to other states on tangible personal property. The trial court and the Court of Appeals both found that the plaintiff was not owed a credit for sales tax paid to Alabama for the photocompositions, since there was no "like tax" paid on the telephone directories. We conclude that the plaintiff is entitled to a credit because the cost of the photocompositions on which the Alabama sales tax was paid is included in the cost of the directories on which Tennessee is seeking to impose a use tax. Accordingly, we reverse the judgments of the trial court and the Court of Appeals and grant summary judgment to the plaintiff.
Authoring Judge: Justice Frank F. Drowota, III
Originating Judge:Claudia C. Bonnyman
Davidson County Supreme Court 03/12/03
State of Tennessee v. Charles Eugene Jones

E2001-01639-CCA-R3-CD

The defendant, Charles E. Jones, pled guilty to possession of marijuana with intent to sell or deliver, possession of drug paraphernalia, and unlawful possession of a weapon. For these convictions, the trial court classified the defendant as a Range I standard offender and ordered him to serve an aggregate one year sentence, consisting of concurrent sentences of one year for his possession of marijuana with intent to sell or deliver conviction, eleven months and twenty-nine days for his possession of drug paraphernalia conviction, and thirty days for his unlawful possession of a weapon conviction. The state agreed to suspend the two latter sentences, and the trial court sentenced the defendant to serve four years of probation and one year of incarceration, which was to be suspended after the defendant served ninety days in the county jail. The defendant now appeals his sentence, alleging (1) that the trial court erroneously modified his plea agreement with the state after it had been submitted to the trial court for approval, (2) that the trial court improperly denied his request to serve the entirety of his sentence on probation, and (3) that the trial court improperly weighed and applied various enhancement and mitigating factors. After reviewing the record, we find that none of the defendant's allegations merit relief and therefore affirm the defendant's sentence.

Authoring Judge: Judge Jerry L. Smith
Originating Judge:Judge Phyllis H. Miller
Sullivan County Court of Criminal Appeals 03/12/03
Hoover, Inc. v. Metro Nashville Board of Zoning Appeals

M2001-00924-COA-R3-CV
This is the fourth appeal from a zoning board's denial of a conditional use permit. In April 1992, the petitioner stone processing company filed an application with the respondent zoning board for a conditional use permit to operate a rock quarry. After years of litigation, the board issued findings of fact and denied the petitioner's application. The application was denied in part because the reclamation plan in the petitioner's proposal used water as fill material, contrary to the specification in the applicable ordinance that solids be used as fill material. The petitioner filed a petition for a writ of certiorari, arguing that the board's decision was arbitrary and capricious because reclamation plans using water as fill material had been approved in the past. The trial court denied the writ and upheld the board's decision. The stone processing company appealed. We affirm, finding that the board's decision was not arbitrary or capricious, and that material evidence supported the board's decision.
Authoring Judge: Judge Holly M. Kirby
Originating Judge:Carol L. Mccoy
Davidson County Court of Appeals 03/11/03
Bobby William Smith v. Findlay Industries,

M2002-01315-WC-R3-CV
This workers' compensation appeal has been referred to the Special Workers' Compensation Appeals Panel of the Supreme Court in accordance with Tenn. Code Ann. _ 5-6-225(e)(3) for hearing and reporting to the Supreme Court of findings of fact and conclusions of law. In this appeal, the employee insists the trial court erred in denying his motion for post-judgment interest. As discussed below, the panel has concluded the judgment denying interest should be reversed and the cause remanded for an award of interest from the date of entry of the original judgment. Tenn. Code Ann. _ 5-6-225(e) (22 Supp.) Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Chancery Court Reversed and Remanded JOE C. LOSER, JR., SP. J., in which ADOLPHO A. BIRCH, J., and JOHN K. BYERS, SR. J., joined. Barry H. Medley and Frank D. Farrar, McMinnville, Tennessee, for the appellant, Bobby William Smith Patrick A. Ruth, Nashville, Tennessee, for the appellee, Findlay Industries/ Gardner Division MEMORANDUM OPINION In the first appeal of this case, this court affirmed the judgment but remanded the cause to the trial court for a determination of the employee's compensation rate. On remand, the trial court corrected the employee's correct compensation rate to $287.58. The judgment was satisfied shortly thereafter. However, the employee 's motion for post-judgment interest was denied. The employee has appealed contending he should be awarded interest. We agree. Conclusions of law are reviewed de novo without a presumption of correctness. Nutt v. Champion Intern. Corp., 98 S.W.2d 365, 367 (Tenn. 1998). The issue before us is one of law and we have reviewed it accordingly. The Workers' Compensation Act expressly requires that it be given "equitable construction" and declares itself to be a remedial Act. Tenn. Code Ann. _ 5-6-116. Workers' compensation laws must be construed so as to ensure that injured employees are justly and appropriately reimbursed for debilitating injuries suffered in the course of service to the employer. Story v. Legion Ins. Co., 3 S.W.3d 45, 455 (Tenn. 1999). In a workers' compensation case, if an appeal is taken, interest must be computed from the date the judgment was entered by the trial court. Tenn. Code Ann. 5-6-225(g) (1) (22 Supp.); McClain v. Henry I. Siegel Co., 834 S.W.2d 295 (Tenn. 1992). We find no merit in the appellee's contention that the statute is abrogated by the fact that the judgment was modified by the previous appeal. Construing the statute as required, its language is plain. By it, the claimant is entitled to interest from the date of entry of judgment by the trial court until the judgment was paid. The requirement encourages employers to pay disability benefits in a timely fashion. Moreover, the determination of the correct compensation rate could and should have been known to the employer from its own records; and the employer should have paid benefits at that rate. By failing to do so, the employer accepted the risk of having to pay interest. For those reasons, the judgment of the trial court disallowing interest is reversed and the cause remanded for entry of a judgment consistent with this opinion. Costs are taxed to the appellee. ___________________________________ JOE C. LOSER, JR. -2-
Authoring Judge: Joe C. Loser, Jr., Sp. J.
Originating Judge:J. Richard McGregor, Special Master
Smith County Workers Compensation Panel 03/11/03
Jeffrey Camporal v. Richard Ford

M2002-01409-COA-R3-CV
This case involves a dispute arising from a Promissory Note executed by and between the Appellant/Maker and Appellee/Payee. Specifically, Appellant asserts that he signed the Note in a representative capacity and, therefore, he is not personally liable on the Note. The Circuit Court of Franklin County granted Appellee's Motion for Summary Judgment, entering a Judgment against Appellant for principal, interest, and costs. Appellant appeals from this Judgment. We affirm.
Authoring Judge: Judge W. Frank Crawford
Originating Judge:Thomas W. Graham
Franklin County Court of Appeals 03/11/03
David Norman v. Melissa Norman

M2002-01084-COA-R3-CV
This extraordinary appeal arises from the trial court's denial of Husband's petition to reduce child support and alimony. The trial court found there was no significant variance of fifteen percent (15%) to modify child support. The trial court also determined that there was no justification for a decrease in alimony payments. The trial court reserved the issues relating to unclean hands and attorney fees. The parties raise multiple issues on appeal. For the following reasons, we vacate in part, reverse in part and remand.
Authoring Judge: Presiding Judge Alan E. Highers
Originating Judge:Russell Heldman
Williamson County Court of Appeals 03/11/03
Mill Creek Associates v. Jackson Foundation

M2001-02811-COA-R3-CV
This is an unjust enrichment case. The plaintiff design firm was contacted by the defendant foundation to develop designs and a budget for the construction of a science theater. The chief designer of the firm worked on the project and presented a proposal to the foundation. The foundation neither accepted nor rejected the design firm's proposal. Instead, the foundation hired the design firm's chief designer. Part of the designer's duties with the foundation was to work on the science theater project "in house." The foundation refused to pay the design firm a fee for its work on the project. The design firm then sued the foundation on a theory of unjust enrichment for the work performed on the project while the chief designer was still at the firm. The trial court found that since the project was never completed, the preliminary designs did not confer a value on the foundation and, consequently, the foundation had not been unjustly enriched. The design firm now appeals. We reverse, finding that the work performed by the design firm constituted a benefit to the foundation, and that it would be unjust for the foundation to retain that benefit without paying the design firm for the value of the benefit.
Authoring Judge: Judge Holly M. Kirby
Originating Judge:Leonard W. Martin
Dickson County Court of Appeals 03/11/03
Rudy Ochoa v. Peterbilt Motor Company

M2002-00410-WC-R3-CV
This workers' compensation appeal has been referred to the Special Workers' Compensation Appeals Panel of the Supreme Court in accordance with Tenn. Code Ann. _ 5-6-225(e)(3) for hearing and reporting to the Supreme Court of findings of fact and conclusions of law. In this appeal, the employer questions the trial court's findings as to compensability and extent of vocational disability. As discussed below, the panel has concluded the evidence fails to preponderate against the findings of the trial court. Tenn. Code Ann. _ 5-6-225(e) (22 Supp.) Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Criminal Court Affirmed JOE C. LOSER, JR., SP. J., in which ADOLPHO A. BIRCH, JR., J., and JOHN K. BYERS, SR. J., joined. Terry L. Hill and Stacey Billingsley Cason, Nashville, Tennessee, for the appellant, Peterbilt Motors Company William Joseph Butler and E. Guy Holliman, Lafayette, Tennessee, for the appellee, Rudy Ochoa, Jr. MEMORANDUM OPINION The employee or claimant, Mr. Ochoa, initiated this civil action to recover workers' compensation benefits for an allegedly work related injury by accident. The employer denied liability. After a trial on the merits, the trial court awarded, among other things, permanent partial disability benefits based on 4 percent to the body as a whole. The employer has appealed. Appellate review is de novo upon the record of the trial court, accompanied by a presumption of correctness of the findings of fact, unless the preponderance of the evidence is otherwise. Tenn. Code Ann. _ 5-6-225(e)(2) (22 Supp.). The reviewing court is required to conduct an independent examination of the record to determine where the preponderance of the evidence lies.
Authoring Judge: Joe C. Loser, Jr., Sp. J.
Originating Judge:J. O. Bond, Judge
Wilson County Workers Compensation Panel 03/11/03
Is, As Stated In The Opinion, And As It Is Stated In Ray v. Ray, 83 S.W.2D 726 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2001).

05-00-024-CC

Originating Judge:A. Andrew Jackson
Dickson County Court of Appeals 03/11/03
05-00-024-CC

05-00-024-CC

Originating Judge:A. Andrew Jackson
Dickson County Court of Appeals 03/11/03
Is, As Stated In The Opinion, And As It Is Stated In Ray v. Ray, 83 S.W.2D 726 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2001).

05-00-024-CC

Originating Judge:A. Andrew Jackson
Dickson County Court of Appeals 03/11/03