Wanda Lynch, et al. v. Cf Industries, Inc.

This workers' compensation appeal has been referred to the Special Workers' Compensation Appeals Panel of the Supreme Court in accordance with Tenn. Code Ann. _ 5-6- 225(e)(3) for hearing and reporting to the Supreme Court of findings of fact and conclusions of law. This is a death case. The decedent was diagnosed with mesothelioma, an ultimately fatal disease, but an autopsy revealed that he died of congestive heart failure. Death benefits were not awarded. The surviving widow appeals, claiming that the preponderance of the proof established that her husband died of mesothelioma which was job-related. Tenn. Code Ann. _ 5-6-225(e) (1999) Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Chancery Court Affirmed WILLIAM H. INMAN, SR. J., in which E. RILEY ANDERSON, J., and ROGER E. THAYER, SP. J., joined. A. Christian Lanier and Jimmy F. Rogers, Chattanooga, Tennessee, attorneys for appellant, Wanda Lynch, individually and as surviving spouse of Louis E. Lynch. Robert J. Uhorchuk, Chattanooga, Tennessee, attorney for appellee, CF Industries, Inc., formerly known as Central Farmers, Inc., and Farmers Chemical Cooperative of Tennessee. MEMORANDUM OPINION This action began as one seeking workers' compensation benefits for mesothelioma. Six months after the complaint was filed, Mr. Lynch died and the complaint was amended appropriately. The defense centered, inter alia, on the issue of the cause of death since an autopsy revealed that Mr. Lynch died of congestive heart failure. Much expert testimony was presented, either in open court or by deposition, including the testimony of Dr. Stanton C. Kessler, a board- certified pathologist. The trial judge filed a detailed opinion setting forth his findings of fact and conclusions of law. One of his findings _ that Mr. Lynch died of congestive heart failure _ is assailed as contrary to the preponderance of the evidence. The dispositive issue on appeal is whether the trial judge erred in concluding that Mr. Lynch's death was not attributable to his employment. The Plaintiff also presents issues involving (1) the refusal of the trial court to impose sanctions for the alleged violation of Rule 26, Tenn. R. Civ. P., (2) the alleged restriction of the cross- examination of one of the Defendant's expert witnesses, and (3) the denial of discretionary costs. The Medical Proof Dr. Yune-Gill Jeong, who is board-certified in internal medicine and pulmonology, testified that he initially saw Mr. Lynch on July 25, 2. His suspicion that Mr. Lynch was suffering from mesothelioma, a malignancy of the lung lining, was confirmed by a biopsy. He `observed' that the disease either caused or contributed to Mr. Lynch's death, and that any heart problem was aggravated by the disease. He twice saw Mr. Lynch and on neither occasion did he find evidence of a heart problem, but believed that Mr. Lynch's complaints of back and chest pain related to the lung disease and not to his heart. He had x-rayed Mr. Lynch on July 25, 2 and saw no evidence of an enlarged heart, although there were arteriosclerotic changes in the aorta. His last examination of Mr. Lynch was about eighteen months before his death. Although he testified that Mr. Lynch died of mesothelioma, he conceded that an autopsy is the accepted medical procedure to determine the cause of death, and that he did not review tissue samples, autopsy photographs or microscopic slides that were available to him. He also conceded that Mr. Lynch could have died from some other cause. Dr. Dwight A. Hamilton, who is board-certified in cardiovascular-thoracic surgery, reviewed an EKG and the medical history of Mr. Lynch which revealed no evidence of heart disease other than arrhythmia. He concluded that Mr. Lynch died of mesothelioma, but conceded on cross-examination that the EKG revealed two electrical conduction problems. Dr. Stanton Kessler performed an autopsy on January 26, 22. He is board- certified and the medical examiner for Hamilton County, and serves on the faculty of Harvard Medical School. Dr. Kessler saw and examined the mesothelioma tumors. He testified that these tumors were not significant or sizable enough to cause death, and were not restricting the lungs to the point where they were incapable of sustaining life, and had not metastasized or spread to any other organ such as the heart, liver, spleen or any other areas. He testified that he found no signs of wasting or cachexia that would be indicative of an individual who died from cancer or mesothelioma, but found substantial evidence that the cause of death was the result of arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease, or congestive heart failure. According to the pathologist, the internal findings that confirmed death by congestive heart failure included hypertrophied or enlarged heart, enlarged spleen and liver that were consistent with heart failure, and terminal arteriosclerotic disease that included severe stenotic changes in all vessels in the heart. Along with these finding, Dr. Kessler confirmed that his review of treatment medical records of Mr. Lynch within the appropriate year and one-half before death documented abnormal -2-