Debra A. Pressley v. State of Tennessee

This workers' compensation appeal has been referred to the Special Workers' Compensation Appeals Panel of the Supreme Court in accordance with Tenn. Code Ann._ 5-6-225 (e)(3) for hearing and reporting to the Supreme Court of findings of fact and conclusions of law. The Claims Commissioner dismissed the complaint finding that the employee's mental condition was of long duration and was the result of a gradual build-up of work stress. The judgment of the Claims Commission is reversed and the case is remanded. Tenn. Code Ann. _ 5-6-225(e) (1999) Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Tennessee Claims Commission is Reversed and Remanded ROGER E. THAYER, SP. J., in which E. RILEY ANDERSON, J., and JOHN K. BYERS, SR. J., joined. J. Anthony Farmer and John P. Dreiser, of Knoxville, Tennessee, for Appellant, Debra A. Pressley. Paul G. Summers, Attorney General and Reporter, and George H. Coffin, Jr., Senior Counsel for Appellee, State of Tennessee. MEMORANDUM OPINION The employee, Debra A. Pressley, appeals from the trial court's action in dismissing her complaint and entering judgment in favor of the employer, State of Tennessee. The Claims commissioner held the employee's mental condition was of long duration and the result of a gradual build-up of work stress and therefore not compensable. Facts Ms. Pressley, a 1976 high school graduate with an Associate's degree in business and word processing, began working for the Tennessee Department of Safety in 1989 as a drivers license examiner. She worked in this position for about two years and then transferred to working as a weigh station operator where she remained for about one year. In 1992 she began regular duties as a State Trooper and was assigned to work in Knox County. She testified that prior to working as a State Trooper, she had never been seen or treated for any psychological problems. She said her regular duties as a patrol officer required her to investigate many accidents with fatalities but that never really bothered her. Ms. Pressley told the court of three specific events that occurred during the last two years of her work that she said caused her to become very depressed, have flashbacks and suffer awful nightmares to the extent she was hospitalized on several occasions and rendered unable to work. In late 1997 or early 1998, she was required to assist another officer in investigating a single vehicle accident on Interstate 4 which involved a motorcycle where the driver was decapitated when he came into contact with a guardrail. She had to search the wreck scene in order to locate the driver's head. The second event was an accident in 1999 on the John Sevier Highway involving a young woman who was killed when another vehicle impacted her car so severely there was difficulty in removing her body from the wreckage and where she described an enormous amount of blood in the wreckage. She had to notify the family and also prevent the family from seeing the body and blood. The last event and the one that she said seemed to cause her the most trouble was in 2 and was an accident where a vehicle actually rolled on top of the driver's head and the head was crushed and "elongated and buried in mud." She said the individual who died was known to her family. Ms. Pressley said these events caused her to become very depressed; that she quit doing everything; could not sleep or eat very much; caused her to have flashbacks and nightmares when she would dream about being at work and called to another tragic accident scene. She indicated that sometimes a certain smell would remind her of a grisly mixture of corpse, battery acid and transmission fluid all mixed together as the smell of death. In describing this, she told the court she could smell it while talking about it. She eventually had to stop working and was seen by a licensed clinical psychologist upon referral by the Department of Safety. She said she was so distraught that she attempted suicide four times during the period she was not working. The first time she was hospitalized was in April 2 after cutting herself with a knife. She has been in the hospital on several other occasions since then. She testified she is unable to work; cannot hardly stand to leave her house; has panic attacks; and she hyperventilates often. She stated she had worked as a State Trooper for almost ten years and had never had problems of this nature prior to the three events she described. She admitted she was having some problems in her marriage during this same period of time but attributed some of that as a result of her unusual and stressful condition. She was awarded disability retirement benefits with the State and is now receiving Social Security Disability benefits. Dr. Francis P. LeBuffe, a psychiatrist, testified by deposition. He was Ms. Pressley's treating doctor and he saw her for the first time in the hospital on April 4, 2. He testified she had all of the symptoms of severe depression; that she was not able to work and his diagnosis was (1) major -2-